ʻO nā hemahema ka mea nui: hāʻule, nā ʻōpala, nā wahi passivation, nā ʻāpana zinc, nā ʻaoʻao mānoanoa, nā ʻili pahi ea, nā ʻili pahi ea, ke kila i hōʻike ʻia, inclusions, pōʻino mechanical, hana maikaʻi ʻole o ke kumu kila, nā ʻaoʻao wavy, ladles, ka nui kūpono ʻole, embossing, ʻO ka mānoanoa kūpono ʻole o ka papa zinc, ka paʻi wili, etc.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka papa zinc: ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻili, nā pūhui silikoni, ka emulsion ʻōwili ʻana i ke anuanu, kiʻekiʻe loa ka ea hoʻomake ʻana i ka ʻāpana NOF a me ka hau o ke kinoea pale, ʻaʻole kūpono ka ea-wahie ratio, haʻahaʻa hydrogen kahe, oxygen infiltration i loko o ka. ka umu ahi, ka wela haʻahaʻa o ka hao hao e komo ana i loko o ka ipuhao, ka puʻu kapuahi haʻahaʻa ma ka ʻāpana RWP a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ea i ka puka umu, ka wela haʻahaʻa o ka umu ma ka ʻāpana NOF, ka ʻaila pau ʻole, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka alumini i loko o ka ipu hao, ka wikiwiki o ka hui, ʻaʻole lawa ka emi ʻana, pōkole loa ka manawa noho i loko o ka wai zinc Ua mānoanoa loa ka uhi.
